具有潜在危害的全氟和多氟烷基物质暴露与精子质量受损：从毒性靶点到干预措施

Seminal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and sperm quality impairment: from toxic target to rescue

具有潜在危害的全氟和多氟烷基物质暴露与精子质量受损：从毒性靶点到干预措施

Authors: Lan Shi, Lin Tao, Yating Zong, Chang Gao, Bing Han, Tianrui Gao, Chenghui Huang, Bingjie Liu, Huan Wu, Dongdong Tang, Yajing Liu, Hua Wang, De-Xiang Xu, Yunxia Cao, Yichao Huang, Xiaojin He

Source: Environment International

PMID: 40409068

DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109533 

Abstract

The link between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and impaired sperm quality has been disputable, partially attributed to the relatively small sample size and the lack of knowledge on exposure status in the microenvironment of target site. Here, we quantified 30 legacy and emerging PFAS in semen samples from 1206 men and enquired on their habitual nutritional supplementation. Eleven contaminant congeners were detected in over 50 % of the semen samples, topped by two legacy congeners PFOA and PFOS (median: PFOA = 0.191 and PFOS = 0.249 ng/mL). Logistic regression identified significantly positive associations between seminal PFAS and asthenospermia for PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA (all P < 0.05). Quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp) model demonstrated positive overall relationship between PFAS mixtures and asthenospermia, predominantly contributed by 6:2 Cl-PFESA (qgcomp weight: 0.308) and PFHxS (qgcomp weight: 0.293), consistent with the results of generalized weighted quantile sum model, calling for more research on these PFAS replacements. Subgroup interaction analysis indicated that nutritional supplementation, primarily containing antioxidants, reduced the risk of asthenospermia and oligoasthenospermia associated with PFAS exposure, showing a protective effect. Our work demonstrated that exposure to PFOS/PFOA and their chemical replacements in semen may impact profoundly on sperm quality, mostly contributed by the early replacements 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFHxS, and the effect of which may be reduced by active nutritional supplementation strategy for the general public.

Keywords: 6:2 Cl-PFESA; Active nutrition; Mixture effect; PFAS; PFHxS; Sperm quality.

摘要

全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）与精子质量受损之间的关联一直存在争议，部分原因在于样本量相对较小以及对目标部位微环境中的暴露状况缺乏了解。在此，我们对 1206 名男性的精液样本中的 30 种传统和新兴 PFAS 进行了定量分析，并询问了他们的日常营养补充情况。在超过 50%的精液样本中检测到了 11 种污染物同系物，其中以传统同系物 PFOA 和 PFOS 为首（中位值：PFOA = 0.191 和 PFOS = 0.249 纳克/毫升）。逻辑回归分析表明，PFOA、PFOS、PFHxS 和 6：2 Cl-PFESA 等 4 种物质的精液 PFAS 与弱精子症之间存在显著的正相关（所有 P < 0.05）。基于分位数的 g 计算模型显示，PFAS 混合物与弱精子症之间存在总体的正相关关系，主要由 6：2 Cl-PFESA（qgcomp 权重：0.308）和 PFHxS（qgcomp 权重：0.293）贡献，这与广义加权分位数和总和模型的结果一致，呼吁对这些 PFAS 替代品进行更多研究。子群交互分析表明，营养补充（主要包含抗氧化剂）能够降低因接触全氟和多氟烷基物质而引发的弱精子症和少弱精子症的风险，显示出保护作用。我们的研究显示，精液中接触全氟辛烷磺酸/全氟辛酸及其化学替代品可能会对精子质量产生深远影响，这主要归因于早期的替代物 6：2 Cl-PFESA 和 PFHxS，而针对普通公众采取积极的营养补充策略可能会减轻这种影响。

关键词：6:2 Cl-PFESA；活性营养；混合效应；全氟和多氟烷基物质；PFHxS；精子质量。