COVID-19 风险认知调节了青少年健康风险行为聚集与焦虑抑郁共病之间的关系

COVID-19 risk perception moderates the relationships between health risk behaviors clustering and anxiety-depression comorbidity in adolescents

COVID-19 风险认知调节了青少年健康风险行为聚集与焦虑抑郁共病之间的关系

Authors: Shuman Tao, Yang Qu, Yi Zhang, Hong Gan, Xingyue Mou, Panfeng Zhou, Fangbiao Tao, Xiaoyan Wu

Source: Bmc Psychology

PMID: 40457419

DOI: 10.1186/s40359-025-02937-0

Abstract

Background: Mental health problems were certainly widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to examine the associations between clustering patterns of health risk behaviors (HRBs) and anxiety-depression comorbidity among Chinese adolescents, and further explore the moderating role of COVID-19 risk perception level in the associations.

Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted between April and May 2022 in Anhui Province, China. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to assess HRBs, anxiety-depression comorbidity, and COVID-19 risk perception. Latent Class Analysis was used to identify the clustering patterns of HRBs. The multinomial logistics regression models were used to explore the associations between clustering patterns of HRBs and anxiety-depression comorbidity. Furthermore, hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze the moderating effect of COVID-19 risk perception level on the associations between the two.

Results: A total of 3782 participants were analyzed. The prevalence of anxiety-depression comorbidity was 27.4%. HRBs clustering was grouped as category 1 (low-risk, 39.5%, n =1492), category 2 (unhealthy dietary patterns, 13.1%, n=496), and category 3 (sleep insufficiency, 47.4%, n = 1794). Unhealthy dietary patterns (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.64-2.66) and sleep insufficiency (OR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.17-1.66) were positively associated with anxiety-depression comorbidity. There was a positive moderating effect of COVID-19 risk perception on the relationships between clustering patterns of HRBs and anxiety-depression comorbidity (P<0.05).

Conclusion: COVID-19 risk perception enhances the positive association between clustering patterns of HRBs and anxiety-depression comorbidity symptoms in adolescents. Multidimensional risk factors should be warranted in the intervention programs for mental health among Chinese adolescents.

Keywords: Adolescents; Anxiety-depression; Behaviors risk; COVID-19; Comorbidity; Health risk; Perception.

摘要

背景：在新冠疫情期间，心理健康问题无疑十分普遍。本研究旨在探究中国青少年健康风险行为（HRB）的聚集模式与焦虑-抑郁共病之间的关联，并进一步探讨新冠疫情风险感知水平在这些关联中的调节作用。

方法：2022年4月至5月期间，在中国安徽省开展了一项基于学校的横断面研究。采用自填式问卷来评估健康风险行为、焦虑抑郁共病情况以及对新冠病毒感染风险的认知。运用潜在类别分析来识别健康风险行为的聚类模式。采用多项逻辑回归模型来探究健康风险行为的聚类模式与焦虑抑郁共病之间的关联。此外，还使用了层次多元回归来分析新冠病毒感染风险感知水平对这两者之间关联的调节作用。

结果：共对 3782 名参与者进行了分析。焦虑症与抑郁症共病的患病率为 27.4%。健康风险行为群组被分为类别 1（低风险，39.5%，n=1492）、类别 2（不健康的饮食模式，13.1%，n=496）和类别 3（睡眠不足，47.4%，n=1794）。不健康的饮食模式（OR=2.10，95%CI： 1.64-2.66）和睡眠不足（OR=1.39，95%CI：1.17-1.66）与焦虑症与抑郁症共病呈正相关。新冠病毒风险感知对健康风险行为群组与焦虑症与抑郁症共病之间的关系具有正向调节作用（P<0.05）。

结论：对于青少年而言，对新冠病毒感染风险的认知程度会增强高风险行为模式与焦虑抑郁共病症状之间的正相关关系。针对中国青少年的心理健康干预措施应考虑到多维度的风险因素。

关键词：青少年；焦虑抑郁；行为风险；新冠疫情；共病；健康风险；认知。