PER3基因DNA甲基化在中国年轻人问题性手机使用与睡眠时型关联中的调节作用:关注性别差异

Moderating effects of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the association between problematic mobile phone use and chronotype among Chinese young adults: Focus on gender differences

PER3基因DNA甲基化在中国年轻人问题性手机使用与睡眠时型关联中的调节作用:关注性别差异

Author:Tingting Li, Yuming Chen, Yang Xie, Shuman Tao, Liwei Zou, Yajuan Yang, Fangbiao Tao, Xiaoyan Wu

Source: Journal of behavioral addictions. DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00027.

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the rates of problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and chronotypes in young adults, and examine the associations of PMPU with  chronotypes, as well as its gender differences. Furthermore, we explored the moderating role of PER3 gene DNA methylation on the associations.

Methods:From April to May 2019, a total of 1 179 young adults were selected from 2 universities in Anhui and Jiangxi provinces. The Self-rating Questionnaire for Adolescent Problematic Mobile Phone Use (SQAPMPU) and reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) were adopted to investigate PMPU and chronotypes in young adults, respectively. Moreover, 744 blood samples were collected to measure PER3 gene DNA methylation. Multivariate logistic regression models were established to analyze the associations between PMPU and chronotypes.Moderating analysis was used to determine whether PER3gene DNA methylation moderated the relationships between PMPU and chronotypes.

Results: The prevalence ofPMPU, morning chronotypes (M-types), neutral chronotypes (N-types), and evening chronotypes (E-types)of young adultswere 24.6%, 18.4%, 71.1%, and 10.5%, respectively.Multivariate logistic regression results indicated that PMPU was positively correlated with E-types (OR=3.53, 95%CI: 2.08~6.00), and the association was observed only in females after stratified by gender (OR=5.36, 95%CI: 2.70~10.67). Furthermore, PER3 gene DNA methylation has a negative moderating role between PMPU and chronotypes and has a sex-based difference.

Conclusions: This study can provide valuable information for the prevention and control of circadian rhythm disturbance among young adults from the perspective of epidemiology and biological etiology.

KEYWORDS problematic mobile phone use, chronotypes, circadian rhythms, young adults

摘要

目的：调查年轻人问题性手机使用和睡眠时型的患病率，探讨问题性手机使用与睡眠时型的关联及关联的性别差异，进一步探讨PER3基因DNA甲基化在二者关联中的调节作用。

方法：2019年4—5月，从安徽省和江西省的2所大学中共选取了1 179名年轻人。采用《青少年问题性手机使用自评问卷》和《清晨型-夜晚型量表》调查年轻人的问题性手机使用和睡眠时型。此外，还收集了744份血液样本以测量PER3基因DNA甲基化水平。采用多元Logistic回归来分析问题性手机使用与睡眠时型的关联。采用调节分析来确定PER3基因DNA甲基化是否在问题性手机使用与睡眠时型的关联中起到调节作用。

结果：在年轻人中，问题性手机使用、清晨型、中间型和夜晚型的患病率分别为24.6%、18.4%、71.1%和10.5%。多元Logistic回归结果表明，年轻人问题性手机使用与夜晚型呈正相关（OR=3.53，95%CI: 2.08~6.00），且按性别分层后，这种关联仅在女性中观察到（OR=5.36，95%CI: 2.70~10.67）。此外，本研究还发现PER3基因DNA甲基化在问题性手机使用与睡眠时型之间具有负向调节作用，且存在性别差异。

结论：本研究可从流行病学和生物病因学的角度为年轻人昼夜节律紊乱的防治提供有价值的信息。