产前暴露于细颗粒物及其组分对母亲和新生儿甲状腺功能和出生体重的影响：一项前瞻性队列研究

The impact of prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter and its components on maternal and neonatal thyroid function and birth weight: a prospective cohort study

产前暴露于细颗粒物及其组分对母亲和新生儿甲状腺功能和出生体重的影响：一项前瞻性队列研究

Authors: Sun Zhang, Jiahui Li, Siyu Zhang, Siwei Dai, Chen Sun, Huiya Ma, Kai Huang, Maolin Chen, Guopeng Gao, Chengyang Hu, Xiujun Zhang.

Source: Environ Geochem Health. 2024 Nov 19;46(12):520.doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02303-w.

Abstract

Maternal and child health has garnered considerable attention recently. The effects of prenatal exposure to ­PM_2.5 and its components on thyroid function in both mothers and fetuses, as well as on offspring birth weight, remain unexplored. This study involved 446 mother-infant pairs from a cohort study in Ma’anshan, China, during 2021–2022. Air pollution data were obtained from the Tracking Air Pollution (TAP) project. Thyroid hormone levels ­(FT3, ­FT4, and TSH) were measured in maternal blood samples taken at various pregnancy stages and in cord blood. We employed multiple analytical methods to evaluate the effects of ­PM_2.5 and its components on maternal thyroid function and birth weight z-score (BWz). The GLR analysis reveals that the effect of ­PM_2.5 and its components on BWz differs according to the pregnancy stage and the specific pollutant involved. During the late pregnancy, increased exposure to ­PM_2.5 and specific components (for instance, NO₃^- and SO₄²  ) was correlated with elevated maternal ­FT4 levels (p < 0.05) and reduced BWz (p < 0.05). QgC results illustrated a notable negative correlation between heightened ­PM_2.5 exposure and BWz in late pregnancy. BKMR analysis confirmed that overall exposure to ­PM_2.5 and its components negatively impacted BWz during the third trimester. Mediation analysis showed that changes in maternal ­FT4 levels accounted for approximately 8.52%, 8.05%, and 8.13% of the negative effects on BWz from exposure to NH₄⁺、NO₃^-and SO₄^2- , respectively (p < 0.05). In healthy pregnancies, exposure to PM_2.5 and its components during the late pregnancy is linked to alterations in maternal thyroid hormone levels, potentially leading to reduced birth weight. Maternal ­FT4 levels may mediate the connection between ­PM_2.5 components exposure and reduced the weight of offspring.

Keywords: Birth weight; Cohort study; PM_2.5 and its components; Thyroid hormones.

摘要

孕产妇和儿童健康最近引起了相当大的关注。产前暴露于PM_2.5及其组分对母亲和胎儿甲状腺功能以及后代出生体重的影响尚未研究。本研究涉及2021—2022年期间在中国马鞍山进行的一项队列研究中的446对母婴对。空气污染数据来自跟踪空气污染项目。甲状腺激素水平（FT3，FT4，TSH）测定在不同的妊娠阶段和脐带血的母亲血液样本。我们采用多种分析方法来评估PM_2.5及其组分对母亲甲状腺功能和出生体重z评分（BWz）的影响。GLR分析表明，PM_2.5及其组分对BWz的影响因怀孕阶段和所涉及的具体污染物而异。在妊娠晚期，暴露于PM_2.5和特定成分（如NO₃^-和SO₄^2-）的增加与母体PM_2.5水平升高（p < 0.05）和BWz降低（p < 0.05）相关。QgC结果表明，在妊娠后期，PM_2.5暴露量增加与BWz之间存在显著的负相关。BKMR分析证实，在妊娠晚期，总体暴露于PM_2.5及其组分对BWz产生了负面影响。中介效应分析表明，母亲血清FT4水平的变化分别解释了NH₄⁺、NO₃^-和SO₄^2- 暴露对BWz的负效应的8.52%、8.05%和8.13%（p < 0.05）。在健康的怀孕期间，在怀孕后期暴露于PM_2.5及其成分与母体甲状腺激素水平的改变有关，可能导致出生体重减轻。母亲的PM_2.5水平可能介导PM_2.5组分暴露和后代体重下降之间的联系。

关键字： 初生体重;队列研究;PM_2.5 及其组成部分;甲状腺激素。