进食生物钟时间较晚，可能增加女性大学生体脂水平

Sex-specific association between later circadian timing of food intake and adiposity among Chinese young adults living in real-world settings

生活在真实世界环境中的中国大学生进食生物钟时间与体脂的性别特异性关联

Authors:Yan Huang, Yu-Xiang Xu , Yu-Ting Shen , Yi Zhou , Yu-Hui Wan , Fang-Biao Tao , Ying Sun.

Source:Br J Nutr. 

Doi: 10.1017/S0007114524001636. 

Abstract

Timing of food intake is an emerging aspect of nutrition; however, there is a lack of research accurately assessing food timing in the context of the circadian system. The study aimed to investigate the relation between food timing relative to clock time and endogenous circadian timing with adiposity and further explore sex differences in these associations among 151 young adults aged 18-25 years. Participants wore wrist actigraphy and documented sleep and food schedules in real time for 7 consecutive days. Circadian timing was determined by dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO). The duration between last eating occasion and DLMO (last EO-DLMO) was used to calculate the circadian timing of food intake. Adiposity was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Of the 151 participants, 133 were included in the statistical analysis finally. The results demonstrated that associations of adiposity with food timing relative to circadian timing rather than clock time among young adults living in real-world settings. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that associations between last EO-DLMO and adiposity were significant in females but not males. For females, each hour increase in last EO-DLMO was associated with higher BMI by 0.51 kg/m² (P = 0.01), higher percent body fat by 1.05 % (P = 0.007), higher fat mass by 0.99 kg (P = 0.01) and higher visceral fat area by 4.75 cm² (P = 0.02), whereas non-significant associations were present among males. The findings highlight the importance of considering the timing of food intake relative to endogenous circadian timing instead of only as clock time.

Keywords: Adiposity; Chrono-nutrition; Circadian rhythm; Food timing; Young adults.

摘要

进食时间是营养学的一个新兴方面。然而，缺乏在昼夜节律背景下准确评估进食时间的研究。该研究旨在探讨151名18-25岁大学生进食的时钟时间与生物钟时间与肥胖的关联，并进一步探讨性别差异。参与者连续 7 天佩戴手腕活动记录仪并实时记录睡眠和进食时间。昼夜节律由昏暗褪黑素启动时点（dim-light melatonin onset，DLMO）评估。最后一次进食时间与DLMO的间隔时长（最后一次进食－DLMO）用于计算进食的生物钟时间。使用生物电阻抗分析评估体脂。在 151 名参与者中，133 名参与者最终被纳入统计分析。结果表明，生活在真实世界环境中的大学生，体脂与进食的生物钟时间而非时钟时间具有关联。性别分层分析显示，最后一次进食－DLMO与体脂的关联在女性中显著，但在男性中不显著。对于女性而言，最后一次进食－DLMO每增加一小时，BMI 增加0.51 kg/m²（P = 0.01），PBF增加1.05% （P = 0.007），FM增加0.99 kg （P= 0.01），VFA增加4.75 cm²（P = 0.02）。研究结果强调考虑进食的生物钟时间而不仅仅是时钟时间的重要性。

关键词：  体脂；时间营养学；昼夜节律；进食时间；大学生。