育儿压力与儿童虐待在母亲童年不良经历与学龄前儿童执行功能关系中的链式中介作用：一项纵向研究

The chain mediating role of parenting stress and child maltreatment in the association between maternal adverse childhood experiences and executive functions in preschool children: a longitudinal study

育儿压力与儿童虐待在母亲童年不良经历与学龄前儿童执行功能关系中的链式中介作用：一项纵向研究

Authors: Jinhong Zha, Ruoyu Li, Haiyan He, Peifei Fang, Rongling Huang, Tian Xing, Yuhui Wan.

Source:  Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Healt. 2024 Nov 11;18(1):145. doi: 10.1186/s13034-024-00837-6. 

Abstract

Background: Previous researches found that maternal adverse childhood experiences not only affect the psychological behavior of preschool children, but also have direct or indirect negative effects on the executive functions and cognition of offspring. And, the possible social psychological mechanism between maternal adverse childhood experiences and preschool children's executive functions is still not clear.

Objectives: This study mainly tries to understand the association between parenting stress and child maltreatment in maternal adverse childhood experiences and children's executive functions through longitudinal cohort.

Participants and setting: Participants were 2160 preschool children and their mothers who finally completed baseline and 3 waves of follow-up.

Methods: Using a cohort study, a baseline survey of junior kindergartens was carried out in June 2021 and followed up every six months, with a total of 3 follow-ups.

Results: We found that executive functions in preschoolers were significantly positively correlated with maternal adverse childhood experiences, parenting stress, physical assault, psychological aggression, neglect and nonviolent discipline (r = 0.180, 0.386, 0.274, 0.302, 0.189, 0.148, respectively, P < 0.01). Further, parenting stress and child maltreatment showed a chain mediating effect between maternal adverse childhood experiences and executive functions in preschoolers, and the total indirect effects accounted for 70.56%, 78.69%, 65.38%, and 68.07% of the total effect, respectively.

Conclusions: This study found that maternal adverse childhood experiences have a significant impact on the executive functions of preschool children, and parenting stress and child maltreatment are the mediating factors of their association, revealing the potential mechanism between the two associations from the perspective of social psychology.

Keywords: Chain mediating; Child maltreatment; Maternal adverse childhood experiences; Parenting stress; Preschoolers' executive functions.

摘要

背景： 既往研究发现，母亲的童年期不良经历不仅影响学龄前儿童的心理行为，而且对后代的执行功能和认知也有直接或间接的负面影响。并且，母亲童年期不良经历与学龄前儿童执行功能之间可能的社会心理机制尚不清楚。

目的： 本研究主要通过纵向队列了解母体不良童年经历与儿童虐待的养育压力与儿童虐待之间的关联。

参与者和地点： 参与者是 2160 名学龄前儿童及其母亲，他们最终完成了基线和 3 波随访。

方法： 采用队列研究，于 2021 年 6 月对幼儿园进行基线调查，每六个月随访一次，共随访 3 次。

结果： 我们发现学龄前儿童执行功能与母亲童年不良经历、养育压力、身体攻击、心理攻击、忽视和非暴力管教呈显著正相关（r = 0.180 、 0.386 、 0.274 、 0.302 、 0.189 、 0.148，P < 0.01）。此外，养育压力和儿童虐待在母体童年期不良经历与学龄前儿童执行功能之间表现出链式中介效应，总间接效应分别占总效应的 70.56%、78.69%、65.38% 和 68.07%。

结论： 本研究发现，母亲童年期不良经历对学龄前儿童执行功能有显著影响，养育压力和儿童虐待是其关联的中介因素，从社会心理学角度揭示了两者之间的潜在机制。

关键字： 链式中介;虐待儿童;母亲的不良童年经历;育儿压力;学龄前儿童的执行功能。