中国儿童青少年屏幕时间、家庭作业和阅读时长、睡眠时长、社会时差与心理健康的相关性

Association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag and mental health among Chinese children and adolescents

中国儿童青少年屏幕时间、家庭作业和阅读时长、睡眠时长、社会时差与心理健康的相关性

Authors: Tingting Li, Xiaoling Liu, Caiyun Cao, Feng Yang, Peng Ding, Shaojun Xu, Shuman Tao, Xiaoyan Wu, Fangbiao Tao.

Source:  BMC Psychiatry. 2024 Nov 8;24(1):781.doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06233-w.

Abstract

Objectives:To examine the associations of screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag with mental health in children and adolescents, as well as its gender differences.

Methods: From December 2023 to April 2024, a total of 62 395 children and adolescents were selected from 51 schools in 17 cities of China by stratified cluster sampling. Screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, and social jetlag were calculated by answering the questions about watching TV time, playing smartphones time, doing homework time, reading extracurricular books time, bedtime, wake-up time, and nap time during weekdays and weekends. Mental health was assessed by the Revised Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5). The generalized linear model was used to determine the association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag, and mental health in children and adolescents.

Results: The generalized linear model results showed that longer watching TV time, longer playing smartphones time, longer homework time, and greater social jetlag were correlated with poorer mental health in children and adolescents, while longer nighttime sleep duration, and longer daytime nap duration were correlated with better mental health. Moreover, in primary school and junior high school, we found that this association was stronger during the weekdays. However, in senior high school, this association was stronger during the weekends. After according to gender stratified, we found that the strength of this association was different in boys and girls at different study phases. Furthermore, our findings also revealed a significant quadratic relationship, indicating the association of better mental health with an optimal amount of sleep duration.

Conclusions: There was a significant association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag, and mental health in children and adolescents. This study has the potential to offer useful insights for the prevention and control of mental health issues in children and adolescents.

Keywords: Homework and reading duration; Mental health; Screen time; Sleep duration; Social jetlag.

摘要

目的： 研究儿童和青少年屏幕时间、家庭作业和阅读时长、睡眠时差、社会时差与心理健康的关联及其性别差异。

方法： 从 2023 年 12 月至 2024 年 4 月，通过分层整群抽样从中国 17 个城市的 51 所学校中共选取 62 395 名儿童和青少年。屏幕时间、家庭作业和阅读时长、睡眠时差是通过回答工作日和周末看电视时间、玩智能手机时间、做家庭作业时间、阅读课外书籍时间、就寝时间、起床时间和午睡时间的问题来计算的。通过修订后的心理健康量表 5 （MHI-5）评估心理健康。广义线性模型用于确定儿童和青少年屏幕时间、家庭作业和阅读持续时间、睡眠持续时间、社会时差和心理健康之间的关联。

结果： 广义线性模型结果显示，更长的看电视时间、更长的玩智能手机时间、更长的家庭作业时间和更大的社会时差与儿童和青少年较差的心理健康相关，而较长的夜间睡眠持续时间和较长的白天午睡持续时间与较好的心理健康相关。此外，在小学和初中，我们发现这种关联在工作日更强。然而，在高中，这种关联在周末更强。根据性别分层后，我们发现这种关联的强度在不同研究阶段的男孩和女孩中是不同的。此外，我们的研究结果还揭示了显着的二次方关系，表明更好的心理健康与最佳睡眠时间的关联。

结论： 儿童和青少年的屏幕时间、家庭作业和阅读时长、睡眠时长、社会时差和心理健康之间存在显著关联。这项研究有可能为预防和控制儿童和青少年的心理健康问题提供有用的见解。

关键字： 家庭作业和阅读时间;心理健康;屏幕时间;睡眠时间;社会时差。