护士轮班与心血管代谢风险关联的研究进展

Research progress on the association between shift work and cardiometabolic risk in nurses

护士轮班与心血管代谢风险关联的研究进展

Author: Fan Meng1, Yang Yajuan, Tao Fangbiao, Wu Xiaoyan

Source: Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

DOI: 10.11836/JEOM24359

Abstract

Cardiometabolic disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in adults. In recent years, the prevalence of cardiometabolic disease has increased year by year, becoming a major problem in the global disease burden. The occurrence and development of cardiometabolic risk are affected by many factors. Shift work as an occupational hazard has been widely concerned. Nursing are typical of shift work, but few studies have looked at the association between shift work and cardiometabolic risk. This article reviewed the current situation of cardiometabolic risk and the research progress on the association between shift work cardiometabolic risk in nursing. The results showed that cardiometabolic risk is prevalent in the nurse population. Shift work is associated with cardiometabolic risks such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and is mediated by circadian rhythm disorder, hormone secretion disorder, and stress response. However, the causal relationship between shift work and cardiometabolic risk is still unclear, and further studies should be conducted to improve the understanding of the impact of shift work on cardiometabolic risk in order to improve the cardiometabolic health status of nurses.
Keywords: nurses; shift work; cardiometabolic risk; metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular disease; diabetes; dyslipidemia

摘要

心血管代谢疾病是成年人发病和死亡的主要原因之一。近年来，心血管代谢疾病的患病率逐年递增，成为全球疾病负担的重大问题。心血管代谢风险的发生发展受到多种因素的影响，轮班工作作为一种职业危害得到广泛关注。护士是轮班工作的典型人群，然而较少有研究关注护士轮班与心血管代谢风险的关联。本文就心血管代谢风险现状和护士轮班对心血管代谢风险影响的研究进展进行综述。结果表明，护士群体中，心血管代谢风险普遍存在。轮班工作与代谢综合征、心血管疾病、糖尿病、血脂异常等心血管代谢风险因素存在关联，并可通过昼夜节律紊乱、激素分泌失调和应激反应进行介导。但目前关于二者的研究多为横断面研究，今后应建立前瞻性队列进一步研究，从而更全面、更深入地了解护士轮班工作对心血管代谢风险的影响，以改善轮班护士的心血管代谢健康状况。

关键词：护士；轮班；心血管代谢风险；代谢综合征；心血管疾病；糖尿病；血脂异常