巢湖PFAS的风险评估和毒性验证

Risk prioritization and experimental validation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Chaohu Lake: Based on nontarget and target analyses

巢湖水域PFAS的风险排序和实验验证：基于非靶和靶向分析

Authors: Wei Chang, Shen-Dong Xu, Ting Liu, Lan-Lan Wu, Si-Ting Liu, Gang Liu, Jian Sun

Source: Journal of Hazardous Materials

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138179

PMID: 40209414

Abstract

Conclusion: Pollution caused by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water has become a global health concern. Nevertheless, due to the continuous production of emerging PFAS, the pollution levels and hazards of several precursors and their metabolites have not been evaluated. In this study, Chaohu Lake was selected as a representative freshwater lake to obtain a deeper understanding of the profiles of emerging PFAS in surface water. Nontarget screening tentatively identified 49 PFAS with a confidence level of ≥L3, which included 12 legacy PFAS and 37 emerging PFAS. Based on a target analysis of 57 PFAS, 18 PFAS were detected, with at least 10 PFAS detected in every water sample, indicating the widespread presence of PFAS in Chaohu Lake. Moreover, a risk-based PFAS priority model was used to prioritize the PFAS in Chaohu Lake. Remarkably, perfluoromethanesulfonic acid (PFMeS) exhibited the highest level of risk index among the intersection PFAS identified by the nontarget screening of Chaohu Lake water and human serum. For validation, the cytotoxicity of PFMeS was further evaluated in vitro. This study considerably expands our understanding of the occurrence, environmental risk, and cytotoxicity of PFAS in Chaohu Lake and also provides an experimentally validated basis for future research on novel contaminants in a water environment.

Keywords: Chaohu Lake; Cytotoxicity; Nontarget analysis; Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; Risk assessment.

摘要

地表水中全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质造成的污染已成为全球关注的健康问题。然而，由于新兴PFAS的不断产生，几种前体及其代谢物的污染水平和危害尚未得到评估。本研究选择巢湖作为代表性淡水湖，对地表水新兴PFAS的分布有更深入的了解。非靶向筛选初步确定4个PFAS，置信水平≥L3，其中12个为遗留PFAS, 37个为新发PFAS。通过对57个PFAS的目标分析，共检测到18个PFAS，每个水样中至少检测到10个PFAS，表明PFAS在巢湖中广泛存在。此外，采用基于风险的PFAS优先级模型对巢湖PFAS进行了优先级排序。值得注意的是，在巢湖水体与人血清非靶筛选的交集PFAS中，全氟甲烷磺酸(PFMeS)的风险指数最高。为了验证，我们在体外进一步评估了PFMeS的细胞毒性。本研究大大拓展了我们对巢湖PFAS的发生、环境风险和细胞毒性的认识，也为今后对水环境中新型污染物的研究提供了实验验证基础。

关键词：巢湖；细胞毒性；非目标分析；全氟和多氟烷基物质；风险评估